Opisz Przypadek Udaru (Describe a Stroke Case) is a type of question frequently encountered in tests, particularly those related to medical knowledge or simulations, such as the Nowa Era sprawdzian (New Era test). It requires you to demonstrate your understanding of stroke symptoms, diagnosis, and initial management by presenting a hypothetical patient case.
This type of question tests your ability to:
- Recognize key signs and symptoms of a stroke.
- Understand the importance of a timely diagnosis.
- Apply basic principles of initial management.
Here's a phased walkthrough:
Phase 1: Patient Presentation
- Age and Background: Start with the patient's age (e.g., "A 65-year-old male...") and any relevant medical history (e.g., "...with a history of hypertension and high cholesterol...").
- Chief Complaint: Clearly state the main reason the patient is seeking help. For example: " ...presents to the emergency department with sudden onset weakness on his right side and difficulty speaking."
Phase 2: Symptoms and Signs
- Neurological Deficits: Detail the specific neurological deficits observed. Be precise! "He exhibits right-sided facial droop, weakness in his right arm and leg (strength 2/5), and slurred speech (dysarthria)."
- Associated Symptoms: Mention any other relevant symptoms. "The patient also reports a severe headache and blurred vision in his left eye."
- Timing: Emphasize the onset of symptoms. "Symptoms began approximately 2 hours prior to arrival." This is crucial for treatment decisions.
Phase 3: Differential Diagnosis and Initial Management
- Rule out other possibilities: Briefly mention other potential causes (e.g., "While other etiologies such as a brain tumor or seizure are possible, the sudden onset and focal neurological deficits strongly suggest a stroke").
- Immediate Actions: Outline immediate steps. "The patient was immediately assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). A CT scan of the head without contrast was ordered to rule out hemorrhage." Emphasize speed!
- Considerations for Thrombolysis: "Given the symptom onset within the appropriate time window (less than 4.5 hours), and pending CT results ruling out hemorrhage, the patient is a candidate for thrombolysis with alteplase."
Remember to be clear, concise, and accurate in your description. Practice with different scenarios to build your confidence.
.jpg)
